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Objective:To observe the changes in percentages and subsets of invariant nature kiler T (iNKT) cells in adipose and related tissues at different stages of obesity, and analyze the role of iNKT cells during chronic inflammation in adipose tissues in a mouse model of obesity established with high-fat diet.Methods:Changes in mouse body weight, mental state, glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance were recorded. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was used to observe pathological changes in adipose tissues. Flow cytometry was performed to detect the percentages and subsets of iNKT cells as well as the percentages and subtypes of macrophages. The levels of cytokines in serum samples and the culture supernatants of lymphocytes in adipose tissues were detected with CBA. The expression of related proteins in adipose tissues was detected by Western blot.Results:(1) The volume of adipose cells increased significantly after four weeks of high-fat feeding, but the infiltration of inflammatory cells was not obvious. Significantly increased infiltration of inflammatory cells was observed after 12 weeks of high-fat feeding. (2) High-fat feeding could reduce the percentage of iNKT cells, increase the proportion of iNKT1 subgroup and decrease the proportion of iNKT10 subgroup in adipose tissues. The proportion of iNKT1 subgroup in thymus increased, but that of iNKT2 subgroup decreased. The percentage of macrophages and the proportion of M1 subgroup in adipose tissues increased, while the proportion of M2 subgroup decreased, which were more obvious after 12 weeks of high-fat feeding. (3) High-fat feeding resulted in decreased expression of E4BP4 and arginase-1 (Arg-1) in adipose tissues and increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). (4) High-fat feeding significantly increased the pro-inflammatory cytokines and decreased the anti-inflammatory cytokines in mouse serum and culture supernatants of lymphocytes in adipose tissues with more significant changes observed after 12 weeks of high-fat feeding.Conclusions:Increased iNKT1 and decreased iNKT10 in obese adipose tissues might be closely related to the increased M1 polarization and the imbalance of iNKT subsets might be involved in the progression of chronic inflammation in obese adipose tissues.
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Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy and adverse reactions of anlotinib combined with irinotecan in the third line treatment of metastatic esophageal cancer.Methods:From October 2018 to October 2019, 52 patients with metastatic esophageal cancer who had developed distant metastasis after receiving standard concurrent chemoradiotherapy and failed second-line chemotherapy were selected from Lu′an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Anhui Province. The patients were divided into experimental group and control group by random number table method, with 26 cases in each group. The control group was given intravenous chemotherapy with irinotecan. The experimental group was treated with oral erlotinib combined with intravenous chemotherapy of irinotecan. The clinical efficacy and adverse reactions of the two groups were evaluated after 2 cycles of treatment.Results:Before treatment, there was no significant difference in Karnofsky performance status (KPS) score between the experimental group and the control group (76.15±7.52 vs. 74.62±8.59, t=-0.137, P=0.892). After treatment, there was no significant difference between the two groups (70.77±6.28 vs. 72.69±8.74, t=-1.761, P=0.084). However, after treatment, the KPS score in the experimental group was lower than that before treatment ( t=3.035, P=0.006). There was no statistical significance in the KPS scores of the control group before and after treatment ( t=1.000, P=0.327). Adverse reactions in the two groups were mainly grade 1-2. The incidences of grade 1-2 myelosuppression and diarrhea in the experimental group were 61.5% (16/26) and 46.2% (12/26), which were significantly higher than those in the control group (19.2%, 5/26 and 19.2%, 5/26), with statistically significant differences ( χ2=9.665, P=0.002; χ2=4.282, P=0.039). The disease control rate of the experimental group was 73.1% (19/26), which was significantly higher than that of the control group (46.2%, 12/26), and there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=3.914, P=0.048). The median progression-free survival of the experimental group and the control group was 52 days and 45 days, respectively, and there was a statistically significant difference ( χ2=4.692, P=0.032). Conclusion:Anlotinib combined with irinotecan in the third-line treatment of metastatic esophageal cancer has obvious efficacy, but to a certain extent, it increases the incidence of grade 1-2 myelosuppression and diarrhea, and the KPS score is lower compared with before treatment.
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Objective To detect and analyze the percentages of CD4+T, CD8+T and invariant na-ture killer T ( iNKT) cells as well as iNKT subsets in different tissues and organs of non-obese diabetic (NOD)/LtJ mice before the onset and in the early and late stages of type 1 diabetes (T1D) for better under-standing the immune function in different disease stages. Methods Female NOD/LtJ mice were selected as experimental subjects. Their fasting blood glucose levels were measured by blood glucose meter. Glycosuria and blood glucose level ≥11. 1 mmol/L in two consecutive detections were used as the diagnostic criteria of T1D. These mice were divided into three groups as follows: non-onset, early stage and late stage groups. Changes in food and water intake, glucose level in the urine, body weight, mental state, fur color and urine volume were recorded. Percentages of CD4+T, CD8+T and iNKT cells and ratios of subsets in peripheral blood, thymus, spleen, liver and inguinal lymph nodes were detected by flow cytometry (FACS). Results (1) Compared with the non-onset and the early stage groups, mice in the late stage group were apathetic and had rough hair. Moreover, significantly increased water and food intake and urine output (P<0. 05) and de-creased body weight, thymus index, spleen index and the absolute lymphocyte counts of spleen, liver and thymus (P<0. 05) were observed in the late stage group. (2) Compared with the non-onset group, the early stage group showed significantly increased percentages of CD4+T cells in spleen, liver, thymus and inguinal lymph nodes (P<0. 05). Compared with the early stage group, the late stage group showed decreased per-centages of CD4+T cells in liver, thymus, inguinal lymph nodes and peripheral blood (P<0. 05). Compared with the non-onset group, the percentages of CD8+T cells in the early stage group were significantly increased in spleen and thymus, but reduced in inguinal lymph nodes (P<0. 05). Compared with the early stage group, the percentages of CD8+T cells in late stage group were significantly reduced in liver and thymus, but increased in inguinal lymph nodes (P<0. 05). (3) The percentages of iNKT cells in liver and inguinal lymph nodes of mice in the early stage group were significantly higher than those of the non-onset group (P<0. 05). The percentages of iNKT cells in peripheral blood and liver of mice in the late stage group were sig-nificantly lower than those of the early stage group (P<0. 05). No significant difference in the percentages of iNKT cells in spleen and thymus was found among the three groups (P>0. 05). (4) Compared with the non-onset group, the percentages of iNKT1 subset in thymus in the early and late stage groups were significantly increased, while the percentages of iNKT2 subset were significantly decreased (P<0. 05). No significant difference in the percentages of iNKT1 and iNKT2 subsets in spleen, liver and inguinal lymph nodes was found among the three groups (P>0. 05). (5) The percentages of iNKT2 subset in spleen, liver and ingui-nal lymph nodes were significantly lower than those of the iNKT1 subset in the three groups (P<0. 05). The percentage of iNKT2 subset in thymus was significantly higher than that of iNKT1 subset in the non-onset group (P<0. 05). (6) Compared with the non-onset and the late stage groups, the early stage group showed significantly increased levels of IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-17A and up-regulated ratio of IFN-γ/IL-4 (P<0. 05). Compared with the non-onset and the early stage groups, the late stage group showed significantly increased IL-6 level (P<0. 05). Compared with the non-onset group, IL-10 level in the other two groups was in-creased, especially in the late stage group (P<0. 05). No significant difference in IL-2 level was found among the three groups (P>0. 05). Conclusion Increased percentages of iNKT cells and iNKT1 subset in NOD/LtJ mice with early stage of T1D might be involved in the development of T1D.
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Objective To identify a causative gene of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI) in a Chinese family,and to analyze the genotype-phenotype correlation.Methods Peripheral blood samples were collected from the proband,his elder brother and parents,and genomic DNA was extracted from these blood samples.Genome-wide exome sequencing was conducted to determine the mutation site in the proband,and then allele-specific oligonucleotide primers were designed based on the mutation site.PCR was performed to detect the mutation site to further identify the causative gene of ARCI in the family.Results A new homozygous missense mutation was identified in exon 4 in 1 allele of the PNPLA1 gene in the proband,which led to a codon change from cytosine (C) to thymine (T) at position 700 (c.700C ＞ T) and resulted in the substitution of proline by serine (p.pro234ser).The same mutation was also detected in the proband's brother,and his parents were the mutation carriers.No mutations were found in unrelated healthy Chinese individuals.Conclusion The missense mutation in the PNPLA1 gene (p.pro234ser) is associated with clinical symptoms of the patient with ARCI.
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Objective To compare the difference of antihypertensive efficacy,the result of heart and lung function test(CPET)and 6 minutes walking distance(6MWD)in hypertension patients with different angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE)gene polymorphisms.Methods 120 patients with hypertension were randomly divided into four groups:the control group treated with nifedipine zyban,perimental group of group A(II),group B(ID),group C(DD)treated with lisinopril tablets.The blood pressure control situation,the changes of the CPET and 6MWD results were compared in the four groups 3 and 6 months after treatment.Results After 3 months,there were no significant changes in blood pressure drop of the four groups,and the differences were no statistically significant among the four groups in the range of blood pressure drop(all P>0.05),the body mass,maximum oxygen uptake(VO2/kg)and 6MWD of the four groups were not significantly changed..After 6 months,the blood pressure of the four groups decreased,and there were no statistically significant differences between the four groups in the drop of blood pressure(all P>0.05),VO2/kg(mL):the control group(17.94±1.51)mL,group A(18.04±1.85)mL,group B(19.70±1.25)mL,group C(21.25±2.20)mL and 6MWD:the control group(448.66±50.26)m,group A(445.07±41.21)m,group B(488.56±55.66)m,group C(500.54±53.25)m.The improvement range of VO2/kg and 6MWD was group C>B>A(group B compared with group A:ct=12.01,P=0.03;group C compared with group B:dt=17.26,P=0.02),there were no statistically significant differences between the control group and group A(all P>0.05).Conclusion This study found no ACE genotype associated with the antihypertensive effects of lisinopril,but found improvement of CPET and 6MWD result in different groups,DD type is superior to the ID,the ID type is better than type II.
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Objective To compare differences of gut microbiome between patients with severe acne vulgaris and healthy individuals by using high-throughput sequencing technology.Methods Stool samples were collected from 10 outpatients with severe acne vulgaris and 10 age-and sex-matched healthy controls.Then,the bacterial DNA was extracted and subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing for the identification of microbial species,and the differences of gut microbiome were compared between the patients and controls.Results There were no significant differences in the diversity of intestinal microflora,but only the relative abundance of a few bacteria differed significantly between the two groups.Gut microbiome in the two groups mainly consisted of Bacteroidetes,Firmicutes,Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria.There were no significant differences in the relative abundance of bacteria at the phylum and genus levels between the two groups.However,the relative abundance of Blautia producta and Coprococcus eutactus at the species level differed remarkably between the two groups.Conclusion No significant differences in the bacterial diversity indices are found,but some bacterial species significantly differ between the patients with severe acne vulgaris and healthy controls.
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Objective To detect mutations in the OSMR gene in 2 Chinese families with familial primary cutaneous amyloidosis (FPCA),and to analyze their relationship with clinical manifestations.Methods Clinical data were collected from 2 families with FPCA,and genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples.PCR was performed to amplify 18 exons and their flanking sequences of the OSMR gene followed by DNA sequencing in 2 probands and their family members.One hundred healthy individuals served as controls.Results In the first family,a heterozygous mutation (c.2081C ＞ T) in exon 15 of the OSMR gene,which leads to a codon change at amino acid position 694 (p.P694L),was identified in the proband,as well as in the other 4 patients.In the second family,a heterozygous mutation (c.1538G ＞A) in exon 11 of the OSMR gene,which causes a codon change at amino acid position 513 (p.G513D),was identified in the other proband and her mother,suggesting the cosegregation of the gene mutation with the disease.None of the above mutations were detected in the healthy family members or controls.Conclusion The heterozygous mutations p.P694L and p.G513D in the OSMR gene may be associated with primary cutaneous amyloidosis.
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Objective To assess the applicative effect of the flipped classroom in nutrition and food hygiene. Methods 48 students of Class One from Grade 2011 majoring in preventive medicine were taken as the TBL group, with 49 students of Class Two as the flipped classroom group. The TBL group used TBL and the formative assessment, while the flipped classroom group used the flipped classroom and the forma-tive assessment. The teaching effect was evaluated through the unified examination and teaching satisfaction questionnaire survey. SPSS 17.0 statistical software was used for the data t test between the groups, and Wilcoxon test, chi square test were used for the linear correlation analysis of the usual grade and final grade of the flipped classroom group. Results The experimental scores (9.21 ±1.14) and the final scores (66.76±4.53) of the flipped classroom group students were significantly higher than the experimental scores (8.31±1.01) and final scores (61.31±4.37) of the TBL group and the difference was statistically significant (t=4.50, P=0.004; t=5.45, P=0.003). The excellent distribution of the flipped classroom group's overall results were higher than that of the TBL group (u=21.36, P=0.002). The usual scores and the final scores were positively correlated (r=0.960, P=0.000) in the flipped classroom group. The results of the question-naire showed that the flipped classroom group students' satisfaction with the positive impact the teaching methods had on all aspects of their own was higher than that of TBL group (P<0.05). Conclusion The flipped classroom teaching can help improve the students' learning enthusiasm, thinking activity and com-municative competence.
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Objective To investigate the expressions of cytokeratin/keratin 4 in the buccal tissue of oral submucous fibrosis at the early,middle and advanced stages,explore which role keratin4 (K4) plays in the process and development of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF),and provide evidence for K4 being a promising biomarker to evaluate the development and prognosis of OSF.Methods Ten cases of normal tissues,and 10 cases of OSF tissues with typical early,middle and advanced stages,were selected,respectively.Detect the expression of K4 in the tissue mentioned above through immunohistochemistry and Westem blot.The data was analyzed by statistical means.Results The results of immunohistochemistry showed that K4 was mainly located in cytoplasm,and positive cells with brownish yellow granules were seen in whole epithelial layer of the normal mucosa.The expression of K4 was lower at all stages of OSF than that at the normal tissue with statistical significance (P ＜0.05).With the aggravation of OSF,the expression of K4 was decreased,difference between early and advanced stage was found to be statistically significant.The results of Western blot also showed that the expression of K4 was lower than that of early,middle and advanced stages of OSF (P ＜ 0.05).With the aggravation of OSF,the expression of K4 was decreased,but the differences between them had no significance (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The expression of K4 in OSF tissue of early,middle and advanced stages were decreased compared to normal tissue,respectively.It suggests that K4 might play and important role in the initiation and development of OSF.
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Objective To study the correlation between CT features and pulmonary function indexes in dif-ferent chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases(COPD).Methods Collection of COPD patients with 80 cases were collected,,the correlation analysis of COPD CT features (pixel index)and pulmonary function,including one second forced expiratory volume (FEV1 ),one second forced expiratory volume accounted for the percentage of forced vital capacity (FVC)and residual volume /lung total ratio (RV /TLC)were examined by pulmonary function testing (PFT)and multislice spiral CT (MSCT).Results According to CT,the regional area of lung density (LAA%)and airway wall thickness/lumen area were measured,COPD was divided into 56 cases of emphysema phenotype,13 case of airway phenotype and 11 case of mixed phenotype.The emphysema phenotype index,FEV1 ,FEV1 /FVC pixels,RV /TLC =27.68%,(32.19 ±16.78)%,(43.69 ±11.23),(55.67 ±15.49 ),airway phenotype were 5.23%, (55.67 ±23.12)%,(52.30 ±10.67),(49.48 ±13.27),respectively,mixed phenotype were 22.47% (41.23 ± 12.55)%,(47.31 ±9.98),(54.19 ±16.29),FEV1 ,FEV1 /FVC,pixel index,RV /TLC COPD CT in different phe-notypic differences were statistically significant (χ2 =19.013,F =6.234,7.854,6.389,all P 0.05).Conclusion CT features can be regarded as the reference to diagnosis the COPD pheno-type and evaluate the effect of treatment,it is necessary to re -examine PFT in emphysema and airway phenotypes.
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Background Epidemiologieal survey suggests that visual impairment in teenagers is a worldwide public health problem,and its leading cause is uncorrected refractive error.To conduct an extensive screening of visual impairment in teenagers and analyze the relevant affecting factors are significant works for the prevention and management of refractive errors.But high-quality epidemiological data on visual impairment and refractive error from large groups of children are lacking in Shanghai.Objective This study was to investigate the prevalence of ametropia and visual impairment in schoolchildren aged 6 to 12 years old.Methods In this cross-sectional study,4 686 students from 6 elementary schools in Baoshan District of Shanghai,a rural-urban fringe zone,China were selected by clustering sampling from May 2010 to April 2011.The eye examinations included visual acuity,ocular surface,ocular anterior segment,ocular media,fundus and intraocular pressure measurement,and the data autorefraction under cycloplegia and eye position were recorded.The cause of visual impairment was evaluated.Results A total of 4 594 students received examination with the response rate 98.0％,and autorefraction under cycloplegia was completed in 84.8％ schoolchildren (3 975/4 594).The prevalence rate of uncorrected visual acuity 0.5 or worse in both eyes was 14.4％ (662/4 594),with the wearing glasses rate 51.8％ (343/662).The percentage of students with the uncorrected visual acuity 0.5 or worse in at least one eye was 22.4％ (1 031/4 594).The prevalence rate of refractive error in the visual impaired students was 96.9％ (999/1 031),followed by amblyopia (37/1 031,3.6％).The prevalence rate of myopia,hyperopia,and astigmatic in the pupils after cycloplegia was 31.1％,4.3 ％ and 33.0％,respectively.In addition,the prevalence rate of myopia in public elementary schools was higher than that in migrant elementary schools (33.9％ versus 30.3％) (x2 =5.46,P =0.02).Logistic regression analysis showed that myopia was associated with age (OR =1.60,95 ％ CI:1.53-1.68,P ＜ 0.01) and female (OR =1.33,95％ CI:1.16-1.54,P＜0.01).Conclusions The leading cause of vision impairment is myopia in the elementary school students in Shanghai,China.The screening-ratio of refractive error and the coverage of refractive correction in the elementary school students in Shanghai are matters of urgent concern.
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Objective To characterize the alteration in peripheral blood endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods Venous blood samples were obtained from 82 female patients with SLE aged (35 ± 10) years and 50 healthy female controls aged (35 ± 13) years.ACL 9000 automated coagulation analyzer was used to determine the level of Von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF Ag).Flow cytometry was performed to detect peripheral blood EPCs and circulating endothelial cells (CECs).Analysis of variance was performed to assess the differences in these parameters between patients with active and stable SLE and the controls,and Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between these parameters.Results The number of CD34+ cells,CD133+ cells and CD34+CD133+cells per 200 000 peripheral blood mononuclear cells was 35.4 ± 16.7,86.5 ± 32.1 and 361.3 ± 176.4 in patients with active SLE,significantly higher than that in the patients with stable SLE (17.1 ± 10.9,28.7 ± 21.5,107.2 ±44.3,respectively,all P ＜ 0.01)) and the controls (13.8 ± 9.6,11.2 ± 5.5,92.3 ± 50.5,respectively,all P ＜0.01).The patients with active SLE exhibited an elevated level of vWF Ag (438.9％ ± 205.3％ vs.130.2％ ±51.5％,P ＜ 0.01),an increased number of EPCs (361.3 ± 176.4 vs.107.2 ± 44.3,P ＜ 0.01) but a similar number of CECs (127±51 vs.118 ± 39,P ＞ 0.05) per 200 000 peripheral blood mononuclear cells compared with the healthy controls.No significant differences were observed in these parameters between the patients with stable SLE and the controls (all P ＞ 0.05).The number of EPCs was positively correlated with the level of vWF Ag (r =0.67,P ＜ 0.01),but uncorrelated with the number of CECs (P ＞ 0.05) in patients with active SLE.Conclusions The quantity of EPCs in peripheral blood is closely correlated with the level of the vascular injury marker vWF Ag,hinting that the number of EPCs can serve as a useful marker of disease severity.
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Objective To detect the expressions of osteopontin (OPN) and inerleukin-18 in patients with bullous pemphigoid (BP),and to analyze their relationship with clinical and laboratory indices.Methods Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to quantify the serum levels of osteopontin (OPN) and inerleukin (IL)-18 in 30 patients with BP and 30 health controls.Results The serum level of OPN was statistically higher in the patients than in the healthy controls ((8.29 ± 2.76) vs.(3.88 ± 1.41 ) ng/ml,P ＜ 0.01 ),and was positively correlated with the severity of BP (r =0.658,P ＜ 0.01 ) and with some laboratory indices in the patients.Increased serum IL-18 level was observed in patients complicated by cardiovascular diseases compared with those without cardiovascular diseases ((37.49 ± 6.43) vs.(31.10 ± 5.40) pg/ml,P ＜ 0.01).Moreover,the BP patients with diabetes,tumor,hepatic and renal impairment displayed an enhanced level of serum OPN and IL-18 than those without (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions OPN may be positively correlated with the severity of BP,while IL-18 may be involved in the development of complications of BP.
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Objective To study the mechanism of effects of estrogen receptor (ER) on T and B lymphocytes in patients with SLE and synergistic effect of T and B lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of SLE.Methods Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was performed to detect the mRNA expressions of ER-α,interleukin 10 (IL-10) and B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)from 40 SLE patients and 40 normal human controls. The clinical and laboratory correlation with the levels of these parameters was analyzed. Results A significant increase was observed in the relative expression levels of ER-α, IL-10 and BLyS mRNA in SLE patients compared with the normal human controls (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01 ), in active SLE patients compared with inactive SLE patients (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01 ). Additionally, the mRNA expression levels of the 3 parameters were significantly correlated with the presence of renal damage, proteinuria, arthritis, etc. No statistical difference was observed in the mRNA expression levels of these parameters between female and male patients or between female and male normal controls. Conclusions IL-10 and BLyS appear to be correlated with the disease activity and severity of SLE, and ER-α may play an important role in the action mechanism of T and B lymphocytes in SLE.
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Objective To investigate the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the protective effects of morphine postconditioning against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced myocardial apoptoais. Methods Sixty pathogen-free SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 15 each) : group Ⅰ sham operation (S) ; group Ⅱ I/R; group Ⅲ morphine postconditioning ( M ) and group Ⅳ M + L-NAME ( non-selective NOS inhibitor). The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal pentobarbital 60 mg/kg, tracheostomized and mechanically ventilated. ECG was monitored. Right carotid artery was cannulated for BP monitoring and left jugular vein was cannulated for drug and fluid administration. Myocardial ischemia was induced by 45 min occlusion of left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) followed by 120 min reperfusion. In group S LAD was exposed but not occluded; in group M morphine 1.25 mg/kg was injected iv over 5 min from 3 min before reperfuaion to 2 min of repeffuaion and in group M + L-NAME L-NAME 10 mg/kg was injected iv at 20 min before myocardial ischemia. Hemodynamic changes were monitored. The animals were killed at the end of 120 min reperfusion and their hearts removed. Myocardial apoptosis was determined by TUNEL technique. The expression of Akt phosphorylation was assessed by Western blotting. The NO content in myocardium was measured by a chemiluminescence detector.Results A large number of TUNEL positive cells (18.4 ± 1.1 ) % were observed in group I/R. Morphine postconditioning exerted a significant anti-apoptotic effect. The number of TUNEL positive cells was reduced to (10.8 ± 1.2)%. The myocardial eNOS phosphorylation expression and NO content were significantly increased in group M as compared with group I/R. The anti-apoptofie effect and increased NO production were significantly reversed by L-NAME. However, pretreatment with L-NAME did not inhibit the phosphorylation of eNOS in group L + M. Conclusion In vivo, morphine postconditioning can significantly reduce I/R-induced myocardial apoptosis through phosphorylation of eNOS and increase in NO production.
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Objective To investigate the effect of morphine postconditioning on myocardial ischemiarepedusion(I/R)injury and the role of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in the effect.Methods Seventy male SD rats weighing 280-330 g aged 16-17 weeks Were randomly divided into 5 groups(n=14 each):group Ⅰ sham operation(S);group Ⅱ I/R;group Ⅲ morphine postconditioning(M);group Ⅳ morphine postconditioning+ wortmannin(W+M);groupV wortmannin(W).Myocardial I/R injury wa.g produced by occlusion of anterior descending branch of left coronary artery for 45 min followed by 120 min reperfusion.In group M and W+M (groupⅢ,Ⅳ)morphine 1.25 mCkg was given iv at 3 min before and 2 min after reperfusion.In group W+M and W(groupⅣ,Ⅴ)wortmannin(a specific PDK inhibitor)15μ/gkg Was given iv at 20 min before ischemia. The animals were sacrificed at the end of 120 min repedusion for assessment of ischemic and infarct area and determination of total and phosphorylated Akt expression in myocardium by Western blot.Results There were no significant differences in the size of ischemic area and total Akt expression among the 5 groups. The infarct area was significantly smaller in group M than in group I/R. The were no significant differenees in the size of infarct area between group 1/R, W + M and W (group Ⅱ , Ⅳ,Ⅴ ). The phosphorylated Akt expression was significantly upregulated in group I/R and M as compared with group S, and was significantly higher in group M than in group I/R.Conclusion The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway activation is involved in the protective effect of morphine posteondifioning on myocardium against I/R injury.
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Based on photon counting mode,a multi-channel continuous-wave(CW) diffuse optical tomography(DOT) system is designed for galactophore inspection.For the acquisition of dynamic information,the instrument adopts the non-intermittent counters to achieve the function of width-adjustable moving gate.The width of the moving gate can be changed from 50 microseconds to about 10 seconds,and correspondingly the total temporal span of the measurement ranges from several milliseconds to tens seconds,depending on the preset gate number.The data transfer as well as the system control is through the universal serial bus(USB) 2.0 technique,with which the system can readily extended for a variety of applications requiring different spatial resolution.
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This report described the cell ultrastructure in six cases of non-granulocytic leukaemia (two cases each for acute lymphocytic, and acute monocytic leukaemia, and two for multiple myeloma) .According to their ultrastructural characteristics, the differential diagnosis of the three leukaemic cell types and the nature of their dense granules and cytoplasmic fibrils under the electron microscopy have been discussed.